In Douglas McGregor's Theory X, what is the main source of employee motivation?

In Douglas McGregor's Theory X, what is the main source of employee motivation?

• A. Autonomy
• B. Recognition
• C. Money
• D. Personal growth

Answer: (C)

In Theory X, people are viewed as inherently lazy and in need of external control to perform. The primary way to motivate them is through tangible, external rewards, with monetary pay first and foremost. Money serves as a concrete incentive that managers can use to compel effort, reinforce behavior, and achieve results under close supervision and tight rules. Autonomy, recognition, and personal growth—while important in other motivational theories—are not seen as the main drivers in Theory X. They represent more intrinsic or empowerment-oriented motivators (often associated with Theory Y or other frameworks), which Theory X assumes are less effective for directing work.

In Theory X, people are viewed as inherently lazy and in need of external control to perform. The primary way to motivate them is through tangible, external rewards, with monetary pay first and foremost. Money serves as a concrete incentive that managers can use to compel effort, reinforce behavior, and achieve results under close supervision and tight rules.

Autonomy, recognition, and personal growth—while important in other motivational theories—are not seen as the main drivers in Theory X. They represent more intrinsic or empowerment-oriented motivators (often associated with Theory Y or other frameworks), which Theory X assumes are less effective for directing work.